Steam, Steel, and Infinite Minds

Every era is shaped by its miracle material. Steel forged the Gilded Age.

Semiconductors switched on the Digital Age. Now AI has arrived as infinite minds.

If history teaches us anything, those who master the material define the era. In the 1850s, Andrew Carnegie ran through muddy Pittsburgh streets as a telegraph boy.

Six in ten Americans were farmers. Within two generations, Carnegie and his peers forged the modern world.

Horses gave way to railroads, candlelight to electricity, iron to steel. Since then, work shifted from factories to offices.